Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer can sometimes cause noticeable changes, including:

• A painless lump, swelling, or heavy feeling in the testicle

• Aching in the testicle or scrotum

• Changes in male breast tissue

• Back pain or symptoms affecting the lungs, abdomen, pelvis, or brain if the cancer has spread

Your AUCNY urologist will evaluate your symptoms to distinguish testicular cancer from other conditions that may look or feel similar:

• Epididymitis – swelling of the epididymis, usually treated with antibiotics

• Testicular torsion – twisting of the testicle requiring urgent surgery

• Inguinal hernia – a protrusion of intestine through the abdominal wall near the groin, often surgically corrected

• Hydrocele – fluid buildup in the scrotum, which may require drainage

Certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing testicular cancer:

• Family history of testicular cancer, especially in white men aged 15–35

• Abnormal testicular development or an undescended testicle (cryptorchidism), even if surgically corrected

AUCNY urologists use a combination of exams and tests to confirm the presence of testicular cancer:

• Detailed history and physical exam – including examination of the testicles and scrotum for any solid masses

• Ultrasound imaging – to visualize testicular and scrotal structures

• Blood tests – measuring tumor markers (AFP, LDH, HCG) that may indicate cancer

• Advanced imaging – chest X-ray, CT, MRI, PET scan to evaluate tumor size, location, and possible spread

• Surgical evaluation – removal of the testicle (orchiectomy) with or without lymph node exploration for microscopic examination

Testicular cancer is both treatable and curable, and your AUCNY urologist will recommend a personalized treatment plan based on your test results. Options include:

• Surgery – removal of the affected testicle, with or without lymph node assessment

• Chemotherapy – sometimes used in combination with surgery

• Radiation therapy – in select cases, our colleagues at Advanced Radiation Centers of New York (ARC) provide state-of-the-art radiation treatment for tumors that have spread. With eight convenient locations, ARC makes receiving care close to home easier. Learn more about radiation treatment here

Early detection is key. Regular self-examinations help identify changes quickly, giving you the best chance for successful treatment.